Solar panel is a device that absorbs sunlight and converts solar radiation energy directly or indirectly into electrical energy through photoelectric or photochemical effects.

Structural composition

1) Tempered glass

Its function is to protect the main body of power generation (such as cells), and the selection of light transmission is required, 1. The light transmittance must be high (generally more than 91%);2. Ultra-white tempered treatment

2） EVA

Used to bond and fix tempered glass and power generation body (such as cells), the advantages and disadvantages of transparent EVA material directly affect the life of the module, and the EVA exposed to the air is easy to age and yellow, thereby affecting the light transmittance of the module, thereby affecting the power generation quality of the module In addition to the quality of EVA itself, the lamination process of the module manufacturer also has a very large impact, such as the EVA adhesive degree is not up to standard, and the bonding strength between EVA and the tempered glass and backplate is not enough, which will cause premature aging of EVA and affect the life of the module.

3) Cells

The main role is power generation, and the mainstream in the main power generation market are crystalline silicon solar cells and thin-film solar cells, both of which have their own advantages and disadvantages. Crystalline silicon solar cells, the equipment cost is relatively low, but the cost of consumption and cells is very high, but the photoelectric conversion efficiency is also high, and it is more suitable for generating electricity in outdoor sunlight; thin-film solar cells, the relative equipment cost is higher, but the consumption and battery cost are very low, but the photoelectric conversion efficiency is more than half of the crystalline silicon cells, but the weak light effect is very good, and it can also generate electricity under ordinary lights, such as the solar cells on the calculator.

4）EVA

solar panel

solar panel

The function is as above, mainly bonding and encapsulating the power generation body and backplate

5) Backplate

Function, sealing, insulation, waterproof (generally TPT, TPE and other materials must be age-resistant, most module manufacturers have a warranty of 25 years, tempered glass, aluminum alloy is generally no problem, the key is to meet the requirements with the backplane and silicone.) ）

6) Aluminum alloy

Protective laminates play a certain role in sealing and supporting

7) Junction box

Protects the entire power generation system, acts as a current transfer station, and automatically disconnects the short-circuited battery string if the component short-circuits the junction box to prevent burning out the entire system. The most important thing in the junction box is the selection of diodes, which are different depending on the type of cell in the module

8) Silicone

The sealing function is used to seal the junction between the component and the aluminum alloy frame, the component and the junction box. Some companies use double-sided adhesive strips and foam to replace silica gel, and silicone is commonly used in China, which is simple, convenient, easy to operate, and the cost is very low.